Cybersecurity
OT Security Assessment: Testing a Plant Without Stopping It
Learn to assess the security of a live plant safely: agree the rules, read the traffic first, test with care and report clearly.
OT Security Assessment: Testing a Plant Without Stopping It is a free, self-paced online course from EDWartens for automation, OT and IT engineers responsible for security. It has 12 modules and takes about 14.5 hours, with written notes, a practice task per module, a practical project and a final assessment of 15 questions (pass mark 60%). Learning costs nothing and needs only a free account. The optional EDWartens Certificate of Completion, verifiable by code, is a one-off US$28.99 for you; it is not a vendor credential. Updated 1 November 2026.
- Free
- Intermediate
- 14.5 hours
- Self-paced
- Certificate optional
- Lab practice in your browser
No card, no trial. The course is free for good. Certificate US$28.99, optional.
- Who it is for
- Automation, OT and IT engineers responsible for security
- Jobs
- Roles that use this skill: OT security analyst, security engineer, network engineer and compliance analyst. No course guarantees a job.
- Tools
- Wireshark, a Linux virtual machine, a Modbus simulator or a lab PLC, and CHAPS. All free downloads. Nothing in this course requires a licence or a paid lab. Hardware: none required. A spare PLC or a Raspberry Pi running a Modbus simulator makes the enumeration and capture work more real, and every exercise is written to work without one.
- Updated


After this course you can
By the end you will be able to:
- Write rules of engagement for a system that cannot be stopped
- Capture and read industrial traffic before sending any
- Choose compensating controls for a device that will never be patched
- Review PLC code against the Top 20 Secure PLC Coding Practices
- Write a two-page report ordered by consequence
Who it is for, and what you need first
Who it is for
Automation, OT and IT engineers responsible for security.
Level: Intermediate. Intermediate. You should already know what a PLC, an HMI and a SCADA system are, and how they sit on a network. ICS Security Foundations covers that in five hours if you do not. No penetration testing background is assumed.
What you need
Software: Wireshark, a Linux virtual machine, a Modbus simulator or a lab PLC, and CHAPS. All free downloads. Nothing in this course requires a licence or a paid lab..
Hardware: None required. A spare PLC or a Raspberry Pi running a Modbus simulator makes the enumeration and capture work more real, and every exercise is written to work without one.. What to download, and how.
How this course works
Watch the lessons
Short video lessons, one module at a time, at your own pace.
Read the notes
Open the Reading tab for the written notes and diagrams of the module.
Practise in the 3D labOptional
Try the module in the free 3D lab, in your browser.
Check yourself
Answer the questions to see what stuck before you move on.
Final assessment
Pass the final once you have been through the modules.
Certificate, if you want oneOptional
Optional, with a page anyone can use to verify it.
What you learn
12 modules in order, at your own pace. 14.5 hours of video lessons, with written notes and a practice task in each module.
- 1Rules of Engagement: Assessing a Plant That Is Running14m
- 2Field Rules and the Ground You Are Assessing: Architecture and Segmentation, with lab practice: 1h 29m
- 3Reading the Traffic Before You Send Any39m
- 4Enumeration, Carefully49m
- 5What the Attacker Does Next, with lab practice: 53m
- 6Naming What You Found: ATT&CK for ICS24m
- 7The Windows Machines Nobody Mentions53m
- 8Seeing It Happen: Windows Logging and Integrity Baselines1h 3m
Show the other 4 modules
- 9Deception and Hunting34m
- 10Assessing the Logic Itself50m
- 11The Report, and the Assessment You Can Repeat53m
- 12Final Assessment
Software you need
What to download, where from, what it costs and how to install it. Every link goes to the maker's own site, never a mirror.
For a Modbus target, pymodbus runs a simulated Modbus server on the Linux virtual machine, or use a spare lab PLC. Nothing in this course needs a licence or a paid lab.
Show what to download (5 tools)
Required
- 01Free
Wireshark
Wireshark Foundation
- Runs on
- Windows 11 or 10 64-bit (x64 or Arm64), Windows Server 2016 or later, macOS (Universal disk image), Linux
- Account
- None needed
Free, open source software. No licence fee for any use.
Steps
- 1.Open wireshark.org/download.html.
- 2.Download the Windows x64 Installer (or Arm64, or the macOS Universal Disk Image).
- 3.Run the installer and keep the Npcap option ticked on Windows.
- 4.Open Wireshark, pick your network interface and click the blue fin to start capturing.
- Npcap is needed for live capture on Windows. The Windows installer includes it.
- Only capture traffic on networks you own or have written permission to monitor.
Official download pagewireshark.org - 02Free
Oracle VirtualBox
Oracle
- Runs on
- Windows, macOS (Intel and Apple Silicon), Linux and Solaris hosts
- Account
- None needed
The VirtualBox platform packages are free and open source under GPL version 3. The separate Extension Pack is free only for personal and educational use (PUEL licence); business use of the Extension Pack needs a commercial licence from Oracle.
Steps
- 1.Open virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads.
- 2.Click the package for your host system (for example, Windows hosts).
- 3.Run the installer and accept the network driver prompts.
- 4.Open VirtualBox, click New, choose your ISO file (for example Ubuntu or Windows) and follow the wizard.
- Turn on hardware virtualisation (Intel VT-x or AMD-V) in your PC's BIOS or UEFI if VirtualBox says it is not available.
- You do not need the Extension Pack for normal lab work. Install it only if you need its extra features and your use is personal or educational.
Official download pagevirtualbox.org - 03Free
Ubuntu Desktop
Canonical
- Runs on
- 64-bit PC (Intel or AMD) or ARM 64-bit. Recommended: 2 GHz dual-core processor, 6 GB RAM, 25 GB free disk space.
- Account
- None needed
- Size
- About 5.9 GB ISO (Intel or AMD 64-bit, current LTS)
Free to download and use. LTS releases get five years of free security updates, which Ubuntu Pro can extend.
Steps
- 1.Open ubuntu.com/download/desktop and download the LTS ISO. For ROS 2 courses, get 24.04 LTS or 22.04 LTS from releases.ubuntu.com instead.
- 2.To try it safely, create a new virtual machine in VirtualBox and attach the ISO.
- 3.To install on a real PC, write the ISO to a USB stick (8 GB or more) and boot from it.
- 4.Follow the installer, then run Software Updater when it finishes.
- Your course may name a specific release. ROS 2 Humble needs Ubuntu 22.04 and ROS 2 Jazzy needs Ubuntu 24.04.
- Give a virtual machine at least 25 GB of disk space.
Official download pageubuntu.comAlternatives
- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS: Use for ROS 2 Jazzy.
- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS: Use for ROS 2 Humble.
- Windows Subsystem for Linux: Run Ubuntu inside Windows 10 or 11 without a virtual machine.
- 04Free
CHAPS (Configuration Hardening Assessment PowerShell Script)
Cutaway Security
- Runs on
- Windows. chaps_PSv3.ps1 for Windows 8 / Server 2012 and later; chaps_PSv2.ps1 for Windows 7 / Server 2008 R2; chaps.bat when PowerShell is not available.
- Account
- None needed
Free under the GNU GPL v3; a commercial licence is offered for use inside proprietary products. Reports you generate are not derivative works.
Steps
- 1.Open the CHAPS GitHub page, click Code, then Download ZIP, and extract it.
- 2.Open PowerShell as administrator in the extracted folder.
- 3.Run: Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process
- 4.Run: .\chaps_PSv3.ps1 > $env:COMPUTERNAME-chaps.md
- 5.Open the .md report in a text editor or VS Code and review the findings.
- Only run CHAPS on systems you own or are authorised to assess.
- It is read-only and makes no changes, which is why it suits industrial control system PCs.
- Practise first on a Windows evaluation virtual machine.
Official download pagegithub.com
Optional
Useful, not needed to finish the course.
- 05Free
PyModbus
pymodbus-dev (open source project), a Python or npm package
- Runs on
- Windows, macOS and Linux with Python 3.10 or later
- Account
- None needed
Free, open source under the BSD 3-Clause licence.
Steps
- 1.Install Python 3.10 or later and create a virtual environment.
- 2.Run: pip install "pymodbus==3.8.6" (the version the course code is written and tested for; 3.10 renamed slave= to device_id=)
- 3.For serial (RS-485) devices, run: pip install "pymodbus[serial]==3.8.6"
- 4.Follow the client examples in the documentation to read holding registers from a device or the built-in simulator.
- PyModbus includes a server simulator with a web interface, so you can practise without real hardware.
- Only write registers on lab equipment. Writes can move real machines.
Official download pagegithub.com
Checked against each maker's own page on 27 September 2026. Trial lengths and editions change; the maker's page is the final word.
Practise in the 3D lab
Practise the desk side of an OT assessment in the OT security lab: reading a plant network by level and zone, and choosing what to protect when a weakness cannot be patched.
- Map the plant network: put every device on its levelOT security labOpen in the lab (opens in a new tab): Map the plant network: put every device on its level
- Zones and conduits: split a flat networkOT security labOpen in the lab (opens in a new tab): Zones and conduits: split a flat network
- Patch or protect: choose within the maintenance windowOT security labOpen in the lab (opens in a new tab): Patch or protect: choose within the maintenance window
Optional. Skip it whenever you like: it never blocks your progress or your certificate.
Course project, about 16 hours
Passive OT security assessment of a running cement plant: DCS, packing PLCs and weighbridges, without a single active scan
Assess the security of a cement plant that cannot be stopped. You send no packet to any controller. You write the rules of engagement, build the inventory and read the traffic. You then check the Windows hosts and the PLC logic, name each finding in ATT&CK for ICS, and report them in order of consequence.
- 8documents in the pack
- 9steps to follow
- 6things to hand in
- 16 hof work, at your pace
- PlanAssessment Plan and Rules of Engagement: Riverside Plant OT Security Assessment
- Asset inventoryOT Asset Inventory: Riverside Plant, as Found
- Zones & conduitsZone and Conduit Register: as Found, with the Target Rule for Each Conduit
- RegisterInterview and Evidence Register
- Risk registerRisk Register: Cyber Risks on the Plant's HSE Matrix
- ReportOT Security Assessment Report: Findings by Consequence, Riverside Plant
The project is optional practice. The certificate needs only the modules and the final assessment.
After the course, your next step
Show what you can do, then keep going in the same field.
A certificate you can verify
Finish the modules and pass the final assessment (15 questions, pass mark 60%) and you can add a certificate with a public verification page. One-off, US$28.99 for you. It is not a vendor credential.
Want a free certificate? Do the matching Free internship: 4 weeks, nothing to buy, with a free certificate of completion.

Cybersecurity (IT and OT)
Eight short weeks of security basics, networks, access control, a security operations centre, industrial (OT) security, IEC 62443 and incident response: notes, diagrams, a few videos and worked exercises. Finish weeks 1 to 4 and the final, then claim a free Internship Completion Certificate with your real dates and study hours, and a QR code anyone can scan to verify it. Training, not employment.
See the internshipMore free courses
Roles that use this skill
- OT security analyst
- Security engineer
- Network engineer
- Compliance analyst
These are the kinds of roles where the skill is used. We make no promise of a job or an interview.
Plain notes
- Free: the whole course, the notes, the practice tasks, the final assessment and support from practising engineers.
- Paid, and optional: the course certificate, and the Engineer-verified internship (the Free internship costs nothing).
- No job promise: the course teaches a skill. It does not place you in a job.
- Lessons by: SANS ICS Security. Independent creators; the lessons stream from their own channels. EDWartens wrote the study plan, notes, practice tasks and assessments.
SANS ICS Security. If you are one of these creators and want a lesson removed or credited differently, write to info@edwartens.com.
Practise what you learn in the free 3D lab
Technical work is judged on what you can do: wiring, commissioning, finding a fault. Doing a task yourself teaches more than watching it a second time, and a lab lets you try it safely before you meet real equipment. It does not replace working on real hardware.
- Practise safely, so a mistake costs nothing.
- The lab checks your work like a site test, so you know when it is right.
- Free, in your browser, with nothing to install.
Why learn with EDWartens
What you get with this course, and what comes after it.
- Free from the first lesson to the final assessment.
- Practice in a free 3D lab in your browser, with nothing to install.
- Video lessons with written notes and a project.
- An optional certificate that anyone can verify online.
- Free internships to keep practising afterwards.
Common questions
Is this a hacking course?
No. It is an assessment course, and the difference matters on a plant. It teaches you to evaluate systems you are authorised to evaluate, for the people who own them. The first module is entirely about the permission, the window and the condition under which you stop. There is no exploit development here, and nothing is aimed at systems you do not own. The course covers what an attacker does, such as a Modbus man-in-the-middle, because you cannot assess a weakness you have not seen.
How is it different from the OT and ICS Cybersecurity course?
That course is the standards and programme side: ISA/IEC 62443 clause by clause, security levels, risk assessment and governance. It is forty-four hours. This one is the practical assessment: what you actually do in the four days you are on site, in the order that keeps the plant running. They complement each other and neither repeats the other. If you have done neither, ICS Security Foundations is the five-hour place to start.
Do I need a lab, or a real PLC?
No. Every exercise is written to work with a free Modbus simulator on a laptop and a Linux virtual machine. A spare PLC or a Raspberry Pi running a simulator makes the capture and enumeration work feel real. Several people find that worth the effort. Nothing in the course assumes you have one.
Do I need penetration testing experience?
No. The course is deliberately not written for penetration testers moving into OT. It is written for automation engineers who already understand plants and are being asked to assess them. That is the more common situation on real plants, and the one that is worse served.
Is this a SANS course, or does it lead to a GIAC certification?
No. Every video lesson is from the SANS ICS Security channel's free ICS Concepts series, credited on each module. SANS is not affiliated with EDWartens. SANS run their own paid courses and GIAC issue their own certifications. This course is neither and does not count towards either. What EDWartens wrote is the study plan, the objectives, the practice tasks, the notes and the assessments.
What will I have at the end?
A two-page assessment report on a system you chose. It has the scope, the method, findings ordered by consequence, and a section naming what you deliberately did not test. That report is the deliverable of the course. It is worth showing an employer more than the certificate is.
Is the OT Security Assessment course really free?
Yes. Every module, every practice task and the final assessment. You create an account so your progress is saved and the assessment can be marked. The only paid item is the certificate, and only if you decide you want it.
What certificate does the OT Security Assessment course give?
An EDWartens Certificate of Completion, issued when you have worked through every module and passed the final assessment, with a unique number anyone can verify on our site. It is not a vendor or industry credential and we will never describe it as one.
Do I have to use the lab?
No. The lab is optional practice. You can skip it whenever you like, and it never blocks your progress, the final assessment or your certificate.
Is the lab free?
Yes. Every lab level for this course opens in your browser, free, with nothing to install.
What topics does the OT Security Assessment course cover, module by module?
The OT Security Assessment course has 12 modules. It opens with "Rules of Engagement: Assessing a Plant That Is Running", goes through "Field Rules and the Ground You Are Assessing: Architecture and Segmentation", "What the Attacker Does Next", "Seeing It Happen: Windows Logging and Integrity Baselines" and "The Report, and the Assessment You Can Repeat" and ends with "Final Assessment". The full list with minutes is under "What you learn" on this page.
What can I do after the OT Security Assessment course?
After the OT Security Assessment course: Write rules of engagement with a window, a named owner and an abort condition, for a plant that cannot stop; Draw the zones yourself and test each conduit from the side it is meant to protect; Capture and read ICS traffic in Wireshark, tshark and Zeek before sending a single packet. These are the practical outcomes the course is written around, and the final assessment of 15 questions checks them.
What software and hardware do I need for the OT Security Assessment course, and does it cost anything?
For the OT Security Assessment course, software: Wireshark, a Linux virtual machine, a Modbus simulator or a lab PLC, and CHAPS. All free downloads. Nothing in this course requires a licence or a paid lab. Hardware: none required. A spare PLC or a Raspberry Pi running a Modbus simulator makes the enumeration and capture work more real, and every exercise is written to work without one. The course itself is free.
Is the OT Security Assessment course suitable for me, and what level is it?
OT Security Assessment is rated intermediate. Intermediate. You should already know what a PLC, an HMI and a SCADA system are, and how they sit on a network. ICS Security Foundations covers that in five hours if you do not. No penetration testing background is assumed. It is written for automation, OT and IT engineers responsible for security, and takes about 14.5 hours at your own pace.
Which jobs use the skills from the OT Security Assessment course?
Skills from the OT Security Assessment course (for example: write rules of engagement with a window, a named owner and an abort condition, for a plant that cannot stop) are used in roles such as OT security analyst, security engineer, network engineer and compliance analyst, and in OT security engineer work. The course gives you practical evidence of the skill; it does not promise a job, and employers decide on experience and interview.
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OT Security Assessment: Testing a Plant Without Stopping It, at your own pace. Add the certificate only if you want one.