Image credits
Every photograph on edwartens.com that is not ours, with its author, licence and source. Our own lab renders and centre photographs are not listed here. Video lessons in the free courses belong to their creators and are credited on each course page.
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Country photographs
Shown on the country pages and in the local office section.
us.webpRefineries along the Houston Ship Channel, with downtown Houston in the haze behind, TexasPA2 James Dillard, US Coast Guard, Public domain (US Government work)Source

br.webpThe container ship MSC Natasha XIII in the channel of the Port of Santos, São Paulo stateMarinha do Brasil, CC BY-SA 2.0Source
gb.webpAerial view of the Port of Felixstowe container terminal and quay cranes on the River Orwell, SuffolkJohn Fielding, CC BY-SA 2.0Source
ie.webpA Stena Line ferry leaving Dublin Port beneath the twin Poolbeg Generating Station chimneys, DublinBob Castle, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
de.webpThe Volkswagen plant power station with four chimneys on the Mittelland Canal, WolfsburgRichard Bartz (edit by Diliff), CC BY-SA 3.0Source
nl.webpAerial view of the Seventh Petroleum Harbour tank farms and Calandkanaal, Europoort, Port of RotterdamRik Schuiling / TropCrop-TCS, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
fr.webpContainer ship NYK Vega under quay cranes at the Port 2000 terminal, Le Havre, NormandyPhilippe Alès, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
it.webpContainer cranes, a tug and the Lanterna lighthouse in the Port of GenoaEttorre (gregorio), CC BY-SA 4.0Source
pl.webpGreen dockside cranes of the Gdańsk Shipyard behind a yellow bridge arch, GdańskLukas Plewnia, CC BY-SA 2.0Source

au.webpA BHP iron-ore train arriving at Port Hedland across the salt flats, Pilbara, Western AustraliaNachoman-au, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
nz.webpAuckland CBD and Sky Tower behind the Ports of Auckland container cranes, seen across the Waitematā HarbourThomas Roessler, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
region-americas.webpThe container ship Sakaka passing through the Miraflores Locks, Panama CanalIvo Kruusamägi, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
region-europe.webpOffshore wind turbines on yellow foundations in a choppy seaOlivier Dugornay (IFREMER), CC BY 4.0Source
region-oceania.webpSydney Harbour Bridge with a harbour ferry passing beneath, SydneyDietmar Rabich, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
ae.webpAerial view of the Dubai skyline with the Burj Khalifa and the towers along Sheikh Zayed Road, DubaiTim Reckmann, CC BY 2.0Source
qa.webpFlare stacks and an LNG carrier at the loading jetty of the Ras Laffan LNG terminal, QatarMatthew Smith, CC BY 2.0Source
om.webpPort Sultan Qaboos and the Mutrah corniche at sunset with the Hajar mountains behind, MuscatAbubakr Saeed, CC BY 4.0Source
eg.webpThe Nile and the Cairo skyline seen from the river, CairoVyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0Source
ng.webpAerial view of the Lekki-Ikoyi Link Bridge over the Lagos Lagoon, LagosS.aderogba, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
ke.webpShip-to-shore container cranes and stacked containers at the Port of MombasaStuart Price (MEAACT), Public domainSource
za.webpA harbour tug passing container cranes and a COSCO container ship in Durban harbourFinlayCox143, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
pk.webpContainer cranes silhouetted at sunset at the Port of KarachiSherbaz jamaldini, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
bd.webpAerial view of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge across the Padma RiverAzim Khan Ronnie, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
lk.webpAerial view of the container terminals and cranes of the Port of Colombo, seen from the Lotus TowerMohamed Ansaf, CC0Source
ph.webpClose-up of the Makati central business district skyline, Metro ManilaPatrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0Source

id.webpShip-to-shore crane and container yard at the Tanjung Priok container terminal, JakartaNiels Johannes, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
th.webpRubber-tyred gantry crane and container stacks in a container yard at Laem Chabang, ChonburiWikimedia Commons user เจดับเบิ้ลยูดี, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
kr.webpAerial view of Busan New Port container terminals, BusanBusan Metropolitan City, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
dz.webpA cargo ship moored in the Port of Algiers below the white buildings of the cityHaiouani Mohamed Rayan, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
iq.webpThe Tigris at sunset with river boats and the Baghdad waterfront, BaghdadSynaps commons, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
et.webpThe elevated Addis Ababa light rail line above a busy street, Addis AbabaFrancisco Anzola, CC BY 2.0Source
region-africa.webpAerial view of the Port of Dar es Salaam with its container terminal, quays and grain silos, TanzaniaChen Hualin, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
region-south-asia.webpHeadworks and intake pond of the Chilime hydropower plant in the hills of Rasuwa, NepalShree Krishna Dhital, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
Study-note booklet photographs
beckhoff-cx.webpA Beckhoff CX5120 embedded controller on a trade-show display board, with a yellow Ethernet cable plugged in and a row of EtherCAT I/O terminals fitted to its rightOleg Yunakov, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
br-x20.webpA B&R X20 CP 1586 controller with X20 AI 4622, DM 9324 and DO 9322 I/O modules wired into a cabinet, under reddish lightingBest Tech Nick 25, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
cobot.webpA Universal Robots UR16e collaborative robot arm with a two-finger gripper on a perforated steel table, with its control box behind and its touchscreen teach pendant in frontAuledas, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
controllogix.webpAn Allen-Bradley ControlLogix chassis in a control cabinet: a power supply on the left, then a Logix controller with its key switch, communication modules and a row of I/O modules with blue wiring harnesses, each slot marked with a yellow labelElmschrat, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
dcs-control-room.webpThe control room of a gas-and-steam power plant: a desk of operator monitors showing process graphics and trends, with large wall displays of the turbine mimics behindWIKImaniac, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
fieldbus-cables.webpThe end of a violet PROFIBUS DP cable stripped back to show its braided shield, foil wrap and the red and green signal cores, beside an uncut cable endOxensepp at German Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 deSource
industrial-ethernet-switch.webpA Siemens Industrial Ethernet ESM TP80 managed switch in a cabinet, with eight RJ45 ports along the bottom, status LEDs along the top and two D-sub service portsMixabest, Public domainSource
linear-actuator.webpFour Rollon Uniline belt-driven linear actuators of different sizes, aluminium profiles with a sliding carriage on topRollon91, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
logo8.webpA Siemens LOGO! 8 logic module (12/24RCE) on a DIN rail, its red-backlit display showing a menu, with a green Ethernet cable plugged in belowThomas.Kralovsky, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
m12-connector.webpTwo A-coded M12 cable connectors with knurled coupling nuts (one with a black insert, one with an orange insert) beside a matching four-pin M12 connector for bulkhead mountingPhiarc, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
mitsubishi-q-or-iqr.webpA Mitsubishi Electric MELSEC iQ-R PLC on a display stand: an R63P power supply, an R04ENCPU CPU with a yellow network cable plugged in, and RX40C7 input and RY40PT5P output modules with their terminal blocksOleg Yunakov, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
panasonic-fp.webpA Panasonic FP-XH C30T PLC mounted in a control panel, its labelled input and output wires on screw terminals above and below, with a power supply to its leftAngga Panca Alam Anugrah, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
profibus-connector.webpThree PROFIBUS DP bus connectors (9-pin D-sub plugs in metal housings) fitted to violet PROFIBUS cableOxensepp at German Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 deSource
robot-6axis.webpA KUKA six-axis articulated industrial robot on display, standing on its floor-mounted base with the axis servo motors visible at the joints and a gripper tool at the wristArnoldius, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
robot-delta.webpA delta (parallel-link) robot with three pairs of carbon-fibre arms, mounted above two slat conveyors at a trade showMavis Sungwoo Lee, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
robot-palletising.webpKUKA industrial robots palletising stacks of yellow bread crates at a bakery, behind wire-mesh safety fencing, with roller conveyors feeding themKUKA Roboter GmbH, Bachmann, Public domainSource
robot-scara.webpA Comau SCARA robot mounted on a laboratory workbench, its cable hose arching over the arm and a tool fitted to the vertical quillНечаева Лилия Александровна, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
robot-welding-cell.webpAn ABB six-axis arc-welding robot on a pedestal beside a large orange ABB positioner that holds a heavy steel housing for weldingAna 2016, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
rotary-encoder.webpA HEIDENHAIN ROQ 425 absolute rotary encoder with its shaft at the top and a round connector on the sideIP83, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
s7-1200-cpu.webpA Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200 CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC with two signal modules fitted to its right: an SM 1222 digital output module and an SM 1232 analogue output moduleUlrichAAB, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
s7-1500-cpu.webpA Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU with its front display and navigation keys, beside a 32-channel digital input module with green channel LEDs litOleg Yunakov, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
s7-200.webpA Siemens SIMATIC S7-200 CPU 224 on a DIN rail, wired by ribbon cable to a training board of toggle switches and push buttonsBreakdownDiode, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
s7-300.webpA Siemens SIMATIC S7-300 CPU 319-3 PN/DP on its rail, followed by three signal modules (one SM 323 and two SM 322) with their labelling stripsUlli1105, CC BY-SA 2.5Source
safety-interlock-switch.webpA Pilz safety gate switch with magnetic guard locking mounted on a machine guard door, its status LEDs lit (Power/Fault, Safety Gate, Input, Lock) and an M12 cable connected belowHelfmann, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
safety-plc.webpA Pilz PNOZmulti modular safety controller in a control cabinet: a base unit with Ethernet cables plugged in and three expansion modules, wired with blue cores, beside a separate PNOZ s5 safety relay on the rightHelfmann, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
scada-control-room.webpAn unstaffed SCADA control room at a water treatment plant: two curved operator consoles carrying banks of monitors, with further workstations behind (the photo has a strong blue tint)Z22, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
servo-drive.webpA SEW-EURODRIVE MOVIAXIS multi-axis servo drive system mounted on a wall: a supply module and four axis modules side by side, each with red lower covers and connector plugs on the frontSEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG, CC BY-SA 3.0 deSource
servo-motor.webpSEW-EURODRIVE servo gearmotors with their connector housings (top row) and matching servo gear units without motors (bottom row), arranged on concrete stepsSEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
siemens-hmi-panel.webpA Siemens SIMATIC HMI touch panel with four function keys (F1 to F4) below the screen, showing a tank-and-pump process display; part of the screen's protective film is still onZianMan, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
stepper-motor.webpA NEMA 17 hybrid stepper motor with a plain output shaft and four coloured lead wires, on a white backgroundoomlout, CC BY-SA 2.0Source
teach-pendant.webpA well-used Stäubli robot teach pendant with a red emergency-stop button, jog keys for the X, Y, Z and rotation axes, a numeric keypad and an enabling grip on the leftRed Sunset at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
vfd-generic.webpA Mitsubishi FR-D740 (D700-SC series) 400 V three-phase variable-frequency drive, showing its keypad with RUN, STOP/RESET, MODE and SET keys and the setting dialIgnac.mihevc at Slovenian Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
wago-750.webpWAGO 750-series Ethernet controllers with their I/O modules in a cabinet, wired with blue and violet cores carrying numbered markersPierre75000, CC BY-SA 4.0Source

ball-screw.webpA ball screw nut opened up to show its internal ball tracks and return tubes, with loose balls and a return tube laid out above itGraibeard, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
ball-valve-actuated.webpA large flanged ball valve on a pipeline, with a red valve actuator and its control accessories mounted on topBizzy Whizz at English Wikipedia, Public domainSource
barcode-scanner-industrial.webpA black handheld barcode scanner sitting in its charging cradle, with the cables and a battery pack beside itAndrzej Lenkowski, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
belt-drive.webpA belt drive of several V-belts running over large grooved pulleys on a motor-driven machine in a workshopThree-quarter-ten, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
boiler.webpA packaged fire-tube boiler with an orange-red shell, with pipework and valves around it in a boiler roomGarrett F., CC BY-SA 3.0Source
bottling-line.webpA bottling hall seen from above, with stainless-steel filling machines linked by winding conveyors carrying rows of bottlesSeth Taylor, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
busbars.webpBent copper busbars running vertically inside a switchgear panel, held by black insulating supportsToT89, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
butterfly-valve-actuated.webpA wafer-type butterfly valve with a blue body and grey disc, fitted with a rack-and-pinion pneumatic actuator on topTrương Quang Tuấn, Public domainSource
cable-glands.webpWhite plastic cable glands, one assembled and one taken apart into its threaded body, sealing insert and dome nutPhiarc, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
cable-lugs.webpAn assortment of crimp terminals beside a ruler: tubular copper lugs, insulated ring and fork terminals, and coloured bootlace ferrulesMixabest, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
capacitive-proximity.webpA cylindrical threaded capacitive proximity sensor with a green sensing face at one end and a connector at the otherLucasbosch, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
capacitor-bank.webpAn outdoor high-voltage capacitor bank: stacked racks of capacitor units on tall insulators, behind a wire-mesh fencePhilippe Mertens, Public domainSource
chiller.webpA large water-cooled centrifugal chiller in a plant room, with its compressor on top of the shell and insulated water pipes connectedP199, Public domainSource
clamp-meter.webpA yellow and red digital clamp meter with an open-able current jaw at the top, a rotary selector dial and a displayHarke, Public domainSource
contactor.webpA three-pole AC contactor with an auxiliary contact block clipped on the front, mounted on a DIN railKae, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
control-valve.webpA green globe control valve with a diaphragm actuator on top and a positioner mounted on its yoke, installed between flanged pipesRafał Rygielski; derivative work by A1, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
cooling-tower.webpA row of packaged induced-draft cooling tower cells on a rooftop, connected by green water pipesAloofmanish, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
current-transducer.webpA grey window-type current transducer for a 50-100 A AC primary, its label giving a 4-20 mA DC output, with terminals 1 and 2 on topTambo at Hungarian Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
din-rail.webpA length of slotted metal top-hat DIN rail lying on a stone surfaceDmitry G, Public domainSource
distribution-transformer.webpA pole-mounted distribution transformer with its cooling fins, bushings and conservator tank, on a steel structureHigh Contrast, CC BY 3.0 DESource
dp-transmitter.webpA differential pressure transmitter with a round electronics housing on top of the twin-flanged sensor body, connected by impulse tubingBitjungle, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
earth-electrode.webpAn earth rod driven into the ground beside a wall, with a green-and-yellow earth conductor clamped to its topF1jmm, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
earth-tester.webpA digital earth resistance tester in a yellow protective case, with a display, a rotary selector and test terminalsPowerfox, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
energy-meter-electromechanical.webpThe face of an electromechanical three-phase electricity meter, showing the kWh register and the rating plateAsurnipal, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
heat-exchanger.webpA metal-clad shell-and-tube heat exchanger with its connecting pipework in an industrial plant roomAlnitak3, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
hrc-fuse.webpTwo HRC fuse links of the NH knife-blade type, showing their ceramic bodies, blade contacts and printed ratingsWidar23, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
hydraulic-cylinder.webpA black double-acting hydraulic cylinder with a clevis mounting and two hydraulic ports on the barrelRstom03, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
hydraulic-power-unit.webpA hydraulic power unit: an electric motor and pump on top of an oil reservoir, with a bank of solenoid directional valvesVedantengg, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
inductive-proximity.webpA cylindrical threaded inductive proximity sensor with a green sensing face at one end and a connector at the otherLucasbosch, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
insulated-gloves.webpA pair of electrical insulating rubber gloves with markings printed on themPowerfox, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
insulation-tester.webpAn analogue insulation resistance tester with a moving-coil scale, range selector and test button, with red and black test leadsTilt u, Public domainSource
load-cell.webpA single-point aluminium load cell with a label plate and a cable, on a white backgroundDaraceleste, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
lockout-hasp.webpA red group lockout hasp with several padlock holes, shown with a red safety padlock and its keyWtshymanski, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
magnetic-flowmeter.webpAn electromagnetic flowmeter with a dark green flanged flow tube and a transmitter head with a display mounted on itASDFS, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
mcb.webpA two-pole miniature circuit breaker with yellow toggle handles, clipped onto a DIN railKae, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
mcc-panel.webpA motor control centre: a long line-up of grey cubicles with individual starter doors in an electrical roomWtshymanski, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
mccb.webpA three-pole moulded case circuit breaker installed in a panel, with its operating toggle and cable connectionsBalurbala, CC BY-SA 3.0Source

multimeter.webpA digital multimeter with a rotary function selector, input sockets and a pair of red and black test probesAndré Karwath aka Aka, CC BY-SA 2.5Source
oscilloscope.webpA digital storage oscilloscope displaying a sine wave, with a probe connected to one of the input channelsDraconichiaro, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
overload-relay.webpA thermal overload relay with a current-setting dial and three pins for plugging directly into a contactorPeter Alder, Public domainSource
photoelectric-sensor.webpA compact blue photoelectric sensor with a red lens window, a wiring label and an M12 connector at the bottomLucasbosch, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
plug-in-relay.webpA row of plug-in relays with transparent covers, seated in DIN-rail relay socketsRELAYGO, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
pneumatic-valve.webpA pneumatic solenoid valve with its coil and connector, push-in fittings and silencers, mounted on a panelBest Tech Nick 25, CC BY-SA 4.0Source

pressure-gauge.webpA stainless-steel Bourdon-tube pressure gauge with a dial graduated in kg/cm² and psi, and a bottom process connectionPalagiri, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
pressure-transmitter.webpA pressure transmitter with a teal housing cover and a digital display showing a reading in barZianMan, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
rccb.webpA two-pole residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) with a blue test button and toggleJimbob82 at English Wikipedia, Public domainSource
reed-switch.webpA glass reed switch: two metal reeds sealed inside a small glass tube with wire leads at both endsTimothée Cognard, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
roller-conveyor.webpA free-standing gravity roller conveyor section with galvanised rollers on steel legsCbe wiki, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
rotameter.webpA variable-area flowmeter (rotameter): a float inside a transparent tapered tube with a scale, installed vertically in a pipeK. Krallis (SV1XV), CC BY-SA 3.0 GRSource
rtd-probe.webpA slim stainless-steel resistance temperature detector (RTD) probe with its lead wires, beside a rulerSuyash Dwivedi, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
safety-signage.webpA safety sign panel with warning, prohibition and mandatory PPE pictograms, under a sign forbidding entryTeWeBs, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
screw-compressor.webpA cut-away screw compressor element showing the pair of helical rotors inside the casingWikisympathisant, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
sight-glass-level.webpA sight-glass level gauge with valves at top and bottom, mounted beside a vertical vessel pipeTopory, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
smps-din.webpA DIN-rail switched-mode power supply with input terminals at the bottom, mounted in a panelMixabest, Public domainSource
soft-starter.webpA motor soft starter mounted in a panel, with wired line and load terminals at the top and bottomZianMan, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
storage-tanks.webpA group of white vertical cylindrical storage tanks of different sizes standing togetherCarl Young, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
temperature-transmitter.webpA temperature sensor assembly with a blue transmitter head on a stainless-steel thermowell stem, lying on a tableBitjungle, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
terminal-blocks.webpGrey and blue screw terminal blocks with jumpers and marker strips, clipped onto a DIN railWolf32at, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
thermocouple.webpA thermocouple with a green miniature plug and a coiled length of twisted thermocouple wireHarke, Public domainSource
thermowell.webpA brass-coloured thermowell with a hexagonal head and a threaded process connectionPalmerwahl, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
ups-battery.webpA small sealed lead-acid (VRLA) battery with red and black terminal tabs on topDudinyúl, CC BY-SA 3.0Source
valve-manifold.webpA pneumatic valve manifold (valve terminal) with a row of solenoid valves and their air tubes, mounted in a cabinetBlonder1984, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
vision-camera-industrial.webpA compact industrial machine-vision camera with its image sensor visible through the lens mountLg123456, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
vortex-flowmeter.webpA vortex flowmeter fitted between flanges in a yellow pipeline outdoors, with its transmitter head and conduitCmarcante, Public domainSource
water-treatment-plant.webpA circular clarifier at a wastewater treatment plant, with a rotating bridge spanning the tankCzeva, CC BY-SA 4.0Source
worm-gear.webpA cut-away worm gearbox showing the worm shaft meshing with the bronze worm wheel inside the casingGraibeard, CC BY-SA 2.0Source

























